Ramana Maharši

Ramana Maharši
Sri Ramana Maharshi in his late 60s
Ramana Maharši in svojim kasnim 60-im
RođenjeVenkataraman Ijer
(1879-12-30)30. 12. 1879.
Smrt14. 4. 1950. (dob: 70)
PrebivališteIndija
Ostala imenaVenkataraman Iyer
Državljanstvoindijsko
Zanimanjefilozof

Ramana Maharši /ˈrʌmənə ˈməhʌrʃi/ (30. decembar 1879 – 14. april 1950) bio je indijski mudrac[1] i jivanmukta (oslobođeno biće).[2] On je rođen kao Venkataraman Ijer, ali je poznatiji po imenu Bagavan Sri Ramana Maharši.[3][note 1]

On je rođen je u sadašnjem Tiručuliju, Tamil Nadu, Indija. Godine 1895. u njemu se probudila privlačnost prema svetom brdu Arunačala i 63 Najanmara se probudilo u njemu,[4] a 1896. godine, u svojoj 16 godini, imao je „iskustvo smrti” kad je postao svestan „struje” ili „sile” (avesam) koju je prepoznao kao svoje istinsko „ja” ili „biće”,[web 1][5] i koju je kasnije identifikovao sa „lični Bog, ili Isvara”,[web 1] tj. Šiva. To je rezultiralo stanjem koje je kasnije opisao kao „stanje uma Isvare ili jnani”.[web 1][note 2] Šest nedelja kasnije napustio je kuću svog ujaka u Maduraju i putovao do svete planine Arunačala, u Tiruvannamalaj, gde je preuzeo ulogu sanjasina (iako nije formalno iniciran), i ostao je tu do kraja života.

Ubrzo je privukao bakte koji su ga smatrali avatarom i koji su dolazili kod njega za daršan („vid Božji”), a u kasnijim godinama oko njega je rastao ašram, gde su posetioci dobijali upadesa („duhovno poučavanje”)[7] putem tihog sedenja u njegovoj blizini postavljajući pitanja.[8] Od tridesetih godina prošlog veka njegovo učenje je popularizovano na Zapadu, što je rezultiralo svetskim priznanjem kao prosvetljenog bića.[9]

Ramana Maharši je odobrio brojne staze i prakse,[3] ali je preporučio samoispitivanje kao glavno sredstvo za uklanjanje neznanja i povinovanja samosvesti,[web 2][10] zajedno sa bakti (predanošću) ili predajom sebi.[web 2]

Radovi

Književno delo

  • Gambhiram Sheshayya, Vichāra Sangraham, "Self-Enquiry". Answers to questions, compiled in 1901, published in dialogue-form, republished as essay in 1939 as A Cathechism of Enquiry. Also published in 1944 in Heinrich Zimmer's Der Weg zum Selbst.[11]
  • Sivaprakasam Oillai, Nān Yār?, "Who am I?". Answers to questions, compiled in 1902, first published in 1923.[11][web 3]
  • Five Hymns to Arunachala:
    • Akshara Mana Malai, "The Marital Garland of Letters". In 1914, at the request of a devotee, Ramana wrote Akshara Mana Malai for his devotees to sing while on their rounds for alms. It's a hymn in praise of Shiva, manifest as the mountain Arunachala. The hymn consists of 108 stanzas composed in poetic Tamil.[web 4]
    • Navamani Mālai, "The Necklet of Nine Gems".
    • Arunāchala Patikam, "Eleven Verses to Sri Arunachala".
    • Arunāchala Ashtakam, "Eight Stanzas to Sri Arunachala".
    • Arunāchala Pañcharatna, "Five Stanzas to Sri Arunachala".
  • Sri Muruganar and Sri Ramana Maharshi, Upadesha Sāra (Upadesha Undiyar), "The Essence of Instruction". In 1927 Muruganar started a poem on the Gods, but asked Ramana to write thirty verses on upadesha, "teaching" or "instruction".[12]
  • Ramana Maharshi, Ulladu narpadu, "Forty Verses on Reality". Written in 1928.[13] First English translation and commentary by S.S. Cohen in 1931.
  • Ullada Nārpadu Anubandham, "Reality in Forty Verses: Supplement". Forty stanzas, fifteen of which are being written by Ramana. The other twenty-five are translations of various Sanskrit-texts.[14]
  • Sri Muruganar and Sri Ramana Maharshi (1930s), Ramana Puranam.[web 5]
  • Ekātma Pañchakam, "Five Verses on the Self". Written in 1947, at the request of a female devotee.[15]

Snimljeni razgovori

Several collections of recorded talks, in which Sri Ramana used Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam,[3] have been published. Those are based on written transcripts, which were "hurriedly written down in English by his official interpreters".[3][note 3]

  • Sri Natanananda, Upadesa Manjari, "Origin of Spiritual Instruction". Recordings of dialogues between Sri Ramana and devotees. First published in English in 1939 as A Catechism of Instruction.[web 6]
  • Munagala Venkatramaiah, Talks with Sri Ramana. Talks recorded between 1935 and 1939. Various editions:
    • Print: Venkatramaiah, Munagala (2000), Talks With Sri Ramana Maharshi: On Realizing Abiding Peace and Happiness, Inner Directions, ISBN 1-878019-00-7 
    • Online: Venkatramaiah, Munagala (2000), Talks with Sri Ramana. Three volumes in one. Extract version, Tiruvannamalai: Sriramanasasram, arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-08-08, pristupljeno 2020-01-19 
    • Venkataramiah, Muranagala (2006), Talks With Sri Ramana Maharshi, Sri Ramanasramam, arhivirano iz originala na datum 2010-07-05, pristupljeno 2020-01-19 
  • Brunton, Paul; Venkataramiah, Munagala (1984), Conscious Immortality: Conversations with Sri Ramana Maharshi, Sri Ramanasramam 
  • Devaraja Mudaliar, A. (2002), Day by Day with Bhagavan. From a Diary of A. DEVARAJA MUDALIAR. (Covering March 16, 1945 to January 4, 1947), ISBN 81-88018-82-1, arhivirano iz originala na datum 19 November 2012  Talks recorded between 1945 and 1947.
  • Natarajan, A. R. (1992), A Practical Guide to Know Yourself: Conversations with Sri Ramana Maharshi, Ramana Maharshi Centre for Learning, ISBN 81-85378-09-6 

Sećanja

  • Frank Hamfris, britanski policajac stationiran u Indiji, posetio je Ramana Maharšija 1911. godine i pisao je članke o njemu, koji su bili prvo objavljeni u časopisu The International Psychic Gazette 1913. godine.[16][note 4]
  • Paul Brunton (1935), A Search in Secret India. This book introduced Ramana Maharshi to a western audience.[17]
  • Cohen, S.S. (2003). Guru Ramana. Sri Ramanashram.  First published 1956.
  • Chadwick, Major A. W. (1961). A Sadhu's Reminiscences of Ramana Maharshi. Sri Ramanashram. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2018-05-16. Pristupljeno 2020-01-19. 
  • Nagamma, Suri (1973). Letters from Ramanasram by Suri Nagamma. Tiruvannamalai: Sriramanasasram. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2019-10-30. Pristupljeno 2020-01-19. 
  • Kunjuswami, Living with the Master. Recordings of Kunjuswami's experiences with Ramana Maharshi from 1920 on.[web 7] ISBN 81-88018-99-6
  • G. V. Subbaramayya, Sri Ramana Reminiscences. "The account covers the years between 1933 and 1950".[web 8]

Dokumentarni filmovi

  • The Sage of Arunachala
  • Abide as the Self: The Essential Teachings of Ramana Maharshi
  • Talks on Sri Ramana Maharshi: Narrated by David Godman
  • Who is Sri Ramana... Who am I? Arhivirano 2020-08-12 na Wayback Machine-u
  • The Eternal Light

Napomene

  1. ↑ Bagavan znači Bog, Sri je počasna titula, Ramana je kratka forma imena Venkataraman, i Maharši znači 'veliki vidovnjak' u sanskritu. To ime mu je dao 1907. jedan od njegovih prvih posvećenika, Ganapati Muni.
  2. ↑ Hajnrih Cimer koristi izraz „intuicija prosvetljenih”. Ramana, kako je citirao Cimer: „Kada sam kasnije u Tiruvanamalaju slušao kako se čita Ribu Gita i takvi sveti tekstovi, shvatio sam te stvari i otkrio da su te knjige nazvale i analizirale, ono što sam pre toga nehotice osetio, a da nisam bio u mogućnosti da to imenujem ili analiziram. U jeziku ovih knjiga mogao bih označiti stanje u kome sam našao sebe nakon buđenja kao 'očišćeno razumevanje' (šudam manas) ili „Uvid” (Vijnana): kao intuicija prosvetljenih”.[6]
  3. ↑ David Godman: "Because some of the interpreters were not completely fluent in English some of the transcriptions were either ungrammatical or written in a kind of stilted English which occasionally makes Sri Ramana sound like a pompous Victorian."[3]
  4. ↑ See Frank H. Humphreys, Glimpses of the Life and Teachings of Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi for Humphreys writings on Ramana Maharshi.
  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 David godman (7 May 2008), Bhagavan's death experience, The Mountain Path, 1981, pp. 67–69
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 David Godman, The unity of surrender and Self-enquiry
  3. ↑ Who am I? – pdf
  4. ↑ Self Inquiry (19 June 2012). „Sri Ramana Maharshi's Aksharamanamalai.m4v”. YouTube. Pristupljeno 4 August 2012. 
  5. ↑ Ramana Puranam
  6. ↑ Society of Abidance in Truth, Origin of Spiritual Instruction
  7. ↑ „Veda Yoga Books, Living with the Master”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-03-04. Pristupljeno 2020-01-19. 
  8. ↑ „sriramanamaharshi.org, Sri Ramana Reminiscences”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-03-04. Pristupljeno 2020-01-19. 

Reference

  1. ↑ Sharma 2006
  2. ↑ Fort 1998: str. 134-151
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 Godman 1985
  4. ↑ Osborne 2002: str. 5-6 sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFOsborne2002 (help)
  5. ↑ Godman 1985: str. 4
  6. ↑ Zimmer 1948: str. 23
  7. ↑ Osborne 1959
  8. ↑ Godman 1985: str. 5
  9. ↑ Lucas 2011
  10. ↑ Zimmer 1948
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Renard 1999: str. 19-20
  12. ↑ Renard 1999: str. 24
  13. ↑ Renard 1999: str. 25
  14. ↑ Renard 1999: str. 26
  15. ↑ Renard 1999: str. 27
  16. ↑ Osborne 2002: str. 106, 111 sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFOsborne2002 (help)
  17. ↑ Ebert 2006: str. 140 sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFEbert2006 (help)

Literatura

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  • Bhikshu, Krishna (2004), Sri Ramana Leela, Sri Ramanasramam 
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Spoljašnje veze

Ramana Maharši na Wikimedijinoj ostavi
  • Works by or about Ramana Maharši at Internet Archive
  • Sri Ramana Maharshi: Home
  • Cosmic Harmony – Biography of Ramana Maharshi
  • Realization.org – Biography of Ramana Maharshi
Normativna kontrola Uredi na Wikidati
  • WorldCat identiteti
  • VIAF: 49230480
  • LCCN: n80056939
  • ISNI: 0000 0001 1026 3582
  • GND: 118598007
  • SELIBR: 262599
  • SUDOC: 027088820
  • BNF: cb119210831 (podaci)
  • BIBSYS: 98023515
  • NLA: 35440564
  • NDL: 00453649
  • NKC: jn19981001801
  • BNE: XX1025795
  • CiNii: DA07176060
  • NSK: 000083671