Ostrvica Fortress
- Kingdom of Serbia
- Serbian Empire
- Moravian Serbia
- Serbian Despotate
- Ottoman Empire
commanders
- Nikola Zojić in 1398
- voivode Mazarek in 1414
Ostrvica or Ostrovica (Turkish: Sivrice Hisar)[1] was a small fortified town built on one of the peaks of Rudnik mountain, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest of the town of Rudnik.[2] After 1323/1324, when it was recorded for the first time, it belonged to the Kingdom of Serbia, Serbian Empire, Moravian Serbia, Serbian Despotate and Ottoman Empire. In 1451 the Ottomans razed it to the ground.
Location
Ostrvica was the main castle in the Rudnik area.[3] It is assumed that its location protected the mines of Rudnik from the north, while another castle (of Pavle Orlović[4]) provided protection from the south. The two castles maintained visual communication by signals.[5]
History
During the 14th and 15th centuries the people of the region and merchants from Dubrovnik used Ostrovica castle as a haven during wars, first in 1323–1324 during the war between Stefan Dečanski and Stephen Vladislav. In 1398 Nikola Zojić , a governor of Ostrovica,[6] retreated to Ostrvica after the failure of his attempt to overthrow Stefan Lazarević and to establish direct vassalage to the Ottoman Empire.[7][8] Zojić took monastic vows to avoid the death penalty.[9] In 1414 voivode Mazarek is mentioned as a governor of Ostrvica and Rudnik.[10]
Ostrvica was captured by the Ottomans several times, first in 1431 and again in 1438.[11][12] The Serbian despot recaptured it in 1443 during the Crusade of Varna, but the Ottomans captured it again in 1444, only to be restored to Serbia later in the year.[13] Branković and Eirene used Ostrovica as their summer retreat, and had a mint in the castle.
When the Ottomans captured Ostrvica in 1451 they razed it to the ground. This was against the order of Murad II.[12]
Evliya Çelebi described Ostrovica as the "town of Rudnik". He explained that it was founded by the Serbian King Miloš, captured by Ottomans, recaptured by Christians to be captured again by the Ottomans on 19 May 1521.[14]
See also
References
- ^ Миљковић-Бојанић, Ема (2004). Smederevski sandžak 1476-1560. Историјски институт. p. 141.
- ^ Милорад Панић-Суреп (1951). Споменици културе. Просвета. p. 104. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
Острвица је мали жупски град подигнут на једном од тешко приступачних стеновитих врхова планине Рудника, 4 км. северозападно од варошице. Град се помиње у XIV веку после смрти Милутинове.
- ^ Đurđe Bošković (1956). Arheološki spomenici i nalazišta u Srbiji: Centralna Srbija. Naučna knjiga. p. 54. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
Главна твр^ава у околини Рудника била je Острвица, на четири километра се- верозападно од н>ега.
- ^ Vojska. Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar. 2002. p. 124. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
Острвица, Рудник и кула Орловића оста- ци су некада значајних средњевековних градова на ... Утврђење Острвица штитило је Рудник, а кула Павла Орловића изгубила је на зна- чају већ после његове смрти
- ^ Raška baština. Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture Kraljevo. p. 216. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ^ Communications de l'Institut pour la protection et l'étude des monuments historiques de la Republique Populaire de Serbie. Naučno delo. 1956. p. 155. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
Како се Острвица налази у непосредној близини Рудника, могућно је да су се ту простирале и земље Николе Зојића.
- ^ Đurđe Bošković (1956). Arheološki spomenici i nalazišta u Srbiji: Centralna Srbija. Naučna knjiga. p. 54. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
Тако се и Острвица помин.е у вези са Рудником као место где су се склашали ду- бровачки трговци, а и становништво за време ратова у XIV и XV веку.
- ^ Belgrade (Serbia) Vojni muzej Jugoslovenske marodne armije (1954). Vesnik. p. 242. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
Godine 1398 u Ostrovicu se sklonio i pobunjeni vlastelin despota Stefana, Nikola Zojić
- ^ Zbornik Matice srpske za književnost i jezik. Matica srpska. 2002. p. 68. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
Када је завера откривена, Зојић је одбегао у оближњи град Островицу и замонашио се
- ^ Miloš Blagojević (1997). Državna uprava u srpskim srednjovekovnim zemljama. Službeni list SRJ. p. 273. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
У твр^ави Острвици на Руднику (1414) помшье се во]вода Мазарак,
- ^ Vojislav Đurić (1955). Srpskohrvatska narodna epika. Narodna prosvjeta. p. 72. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
ИдуЬе, 1438 године Турци су осводили ма- настир Раваницу и градове Борач на Гружи и Острвицу код Рудника.
- ^ a b Милорад Панић-Суреп (1951). Споменици културе. Просвета. p. 104. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ^ Српска академија наука и уметности. Одељење историјских наука (1983). Navigation sur le Danube et ses affluents à travers les siècles. SANU. p. 115. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
Ocbojhah су град Острвицу код Рудника и избили на обалу Дунава.
- ^ Momčilo R. Radojević (1971). Rudnik u prošlosti. p. 47. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
Евлија Челебија оставио је кратак опис „Града Рудника", како он назива нашу Острвицу: „Град Рудник.
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