Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay | |
---|---|
Country | United States |
Presented by | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) |
First awarded | 1929 |
Most recent winner | Cord Jefferson, American Fiction (2023) |
Website | oscars |
The Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay is the Academy Award for the best screenplay adapted from previously established material. The most frequently adapted media are novels, but other adapted narrative formats include stage plays, musicals, short stories, TV series, and other films and film characters. All sequels are also considered adaptations by this standard, being based on the story and characters of the original film.
Prior to its current name, the award was known as the Academy Award for Best Screenplay Based On Material From Another Medium.[1][2] The Best Adapted Screenplay category has been a part of the Academy Awards since their inception.
Superlatives
The first person to win twice in this category was Joseph L. Mankiewicz, who won the award in two consecutive years, 1949 and 1950. Others to win twice in this category include George Seaton, Robert Bolt (who also won in consecutive years), Francis Ford Coppola, Mario Puzo, Alvin Sargent, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Michael Wilson, Alexander Payne and Christopher Hampton. Payne won both awards as part of a writing team, with Jim Taylor for Sideways and Jim Rash and Nat Faxon for The Descendants. Michael Wilson was blacklisted at the time of his second Oscar, so the award was given to a front (novelist Pierre Boulle). However, the Academy officially recognized him as the winner several years later.[3]
Billy Wilder, Charles Brackett, Paddy Chayefsky, Francis Ford Coppola, Horton Foote, William Goldman, Robert Benton, Bo Goldman, Waldo Salt, and the Coen brothers have won Oscars for both original and adapted screenplays.
Frances Marion (The Big House) was the first woman to win in any screenplay category, although she won for her original script for Best Writing, which then included both original and adapted screenplays before a separate award for Best Original Screenplay was introduced. Sarah Y. Mason (Little Women) was the first woman to win for adaptation from previously established material; she shared the award with her husband, Victor Heerman. They are also the first of two married couples to win in this category; Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh (The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King) are the others.
Pierre Collings and Sheridan Gibney (The Story of Louis Pasteur) were the first to win for adapting their own work.
Philip G. Epstein and Julius J. Epstein (Casablanca) are the first siblings to win in this category. James Goldman (The Lion in Winter) and William Goldman (All the President's Men) are the first siblings to win for separate films. Joel Coen and Ethan Coen (No Country for Old Men) are the third winning siblings.
Mario Puzo is the one of two writers whose work has been adapted and resulted in two wins. Puzo's novel The Godfather resulted in wins in 1972 and 1974 for himself and Francis Ford Coppola. The other is E. M. Forster, whose novels A Room with a View and Howards End resulted in wins for Ruth Prawer Jhabvala.
Larry McMurtry is the only person who has won for adapting someone else's work (Brokeback Mountain), and whose own work has been adapted by someone else, resulting in a win (Terms of Endearment).
William Monahan (The Departed) and Sian Heder (CODA) are the only people who have won this award by using another full-length feature film as the credited source of the adaptation.
Geoffrey S. Fletcher (Precious), John Ridley (12 Years a Slave) and Cord Jefferson (American Fiction) are the only African-Americans to win solo in this category; Fletcher is also the first African-American to win in any writing category. Barry Jenkins and Tarell Alvin McCraney (Moonlight) are the first African-American writing duo to win; Spike Lee and Kevin Willmott (BlacKkKlansman) are the second, although their co-writers, David Rabinowitz and Charlie Wachtel, are both white.
James Ivory (Call Me by Your Name) is the oldest person to receive the award at age 89. Charlie Wachtel (BlacKkKlansman) is the youngest at age 32.
Taika Waititi (Jojo Rabbit) is the first person of Māori descent to receive the award.
Emma Thompson (Sense and Sensibility) is the only winner who has also won for acting.[4] Winners Billy Bob Thornton (Sling Blade) and John Huston (The Treasure of the Sierra Madre) have been nominated for acting but not won.
Charles Schnee (The Bad and the Beautiful), Billy Bob Thornton (Sling Blade), and Bill Condon (Gods and Monsters) are the only winners whose respective films were not nominated for Best Picture.
Notable nominees
Noted novelists and playwrights nominated in this category include: George Bernard Shaw (who shared an award for an adaptation of his play Pygmalion), Graham Greene, Tennessee Williams, Vladimir Nabokov, James Hilton, Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Lillian Hellman, Irwin Shaw, James Agee, Norman Corwin, S. J. Perelman, Terence Rattigan, John Osborne, Robert Bolt, Harold Pinter, David Mamet, Larry McMurtry, Arthur Miller, John Irving, David Hare, Tony Kushner, August Wilson, Florian Zeller and Kazuo Ishiguro.
Ted Elliott, Roger S. H. Schulman, Joe Stillman & Terry Rossio, writers of Shrek and Michael Arndt, John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton & Lee Unkrich, writers of Toy Story 3, are as of 2020, the only writers to be nominated for an animated film.[5][6]
Scott Frank, James Mangold and Michael Green, writers of Logan, are the first writers to be nominated for a film based on superhero comic books (the X-Men).[7][8]
Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first in colored row, followed by the other nominees.
1920s
Year | Film | Nominees | Source Material |
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1927/28 (1st) [note 1] | 7th Heaven | Benjamin Glazer | The play Seventh Heaven by Austin Strong |
Glorious Betsy | Anthony Coldeway | The play by Rida Johnson Young | |
The Jazz Singer | Alfred A. Cohn | The play & short story "The Day of Atonement" by Samson Raphaelson | |
1928/29 (2nd) [note 2] | The Patriot | Hanns Kräly | The novel by Alfred Neumann, play by Ashley Dukes & novel Paul I by Dmitry Merezhkovsky |
The Cop | Elliott J. Clawson | – (original) | |
In Old Arizona | Tom Barry | The short story "The Caballero's Way" by O. Henry | |
The Last of Mrs. Cheyney | Hanns Kräly | The play by Frederick Lonsdale | |
The Leatherneck | Elliott J. Clawson | – (original) | |
Our Dancing Daughters | Josephine Lovett | – (original) | |
Sal of Singapore | Elliott J. Clawson | The novel The Sentimentalists by Dale Collins | |
Skyscraper | A story by Dudley Murphy | ||
The Valiant | Tom Barry | The play by Holworthy Hall & Robert Middlemass | |
A Woman of Affairs | Bess Meredyth | The novel The Green Hat by Michael Arlen | |
Wonder of Women | The novel The Wife of Steffen Tromholt by Hermann Sudermann |
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
Year | Film | Nominees | Source Material |
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1980 (53rd) | Ordinary People | Alvin Sargent | The novel by Judith Guest |
Breaker Morant | Bruce Beresford, Jonathan Hardy & David Stevens | The play Breaker Morant: A Play in Two Acts by Kenneth G. Ross | |
Coal Miner's Daughter | Thomas Rickman | The memoir Loretta Lynn: Coal Miner's Daughter by Loretta Lynn & George Vecsey | |
The Elephant Man | Eric Bergren, Christopher De Vore & David Lynch | The memoir The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences by Frederick Treves & book The Elephant Man: A Study in Human Dignity by Ashley Montagu | |
The Stunt Man | Screenplay: Lawrence B. Marcus; Adaptation: Richard Rush | The novel by Paul Brodeur | |
1981 (54th) | On Golden Pond | Ernest Thompson | The play by Thompson |
The French Lieutenant's Woman | Harold Pinter | The novel by John Fowles | |
Pennies from Heaven | Dennis Potter | The television series by Potter | |
Prince of the City | Jay Presson Allen & Sidney Lumet | The book Prince of the City: The True Story of a Cop Who Knew Too Much by Robert Daley | |
Ragtime | Michael Weller | The novel by E. L. Doctorow | |
1982 (55th) | Missing | Costa-Gavras & Donald E. Stewart | The book The Execution of Charles Horman: An American Sacrifice by Thomas Hauser |
Das Boot | Wolfgang Petersen | The novel by Lothar-Günther Buchheim | |
Sophie's Choice | Alan J. Pakula | The novel by William Styron | |
The Verdict | David Mamet | The novel by Barry Reed | |
Victor/Victoria | Blake Edwards | The film Victor and Victoria by Reinhold Schünzel | |
1983 (56th) | Terms of Endearment | James L. Brooks | The novel by Larry McMurtry |
Betrayal | Harold Pinter | The play by Pinter | |
The Dresser | Ronald Harwood | The play by Harwood | |
Educating Rita | Willy Russell | The play by Russell | |
Reuben, Reuben | Julius J. Epstein | The play Spofford by Herman Shumlin & novel by Peter De Vries | |
1984 (57th) | Amadeus | Peter Shaffer | The play by Shaffer |
Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes | Michael Austin & Robert Towne[note 15][11] | The novel Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs | |
The Killing Fields | Bruce Robinson | The article "The Death and Life of Dith Pran: A Story of Cambodia" by Sydney Schanberg | |
A Passage to India | David Lean | The novel by E. M. Forster | |
A Soldier's Story | Charles Fuller | The play A Soldier's Play by Fuller | |
1985 (58th) | Out of Africa | Kurt Luedtke | The memoir by Karen Blixen & books Silence Will Speak: A Study of the Life of Denys Finch Hatton and His Relationship With Karen Blixen by Errol Trzebinski & Isak Dinesen: The Life of a Storyteller by Judith Thurman |
The Color Purple | Menno Meyjes | The novel by Alice Walker | |
Kiss of the Spider Woman | Leonard Schrader | The novel by Manuel Puig | |
Prizzi's Honor | Richard Condon & Janet Roach | The novel by Condon | |
The Trip to Bountiful | Horton Foote | The play & television film by Foote | |
1986 (59th) | A Room with a View | Ruth Prawer Jhabvala | The novel by E. M. Forster |
Children of a Lesser God | Hesper Anderson & Mark Medoff | The play by Medoff | |
The Color of Money | Richard Price | The novel by Walter Tevis | |
Crimes of the Heart | Beth Henley | The play by Henley | |
Stand by Me | Bruce A. Evans & Raynold Gideon | The novella The Body by Stephen King | |
1987 (60th) | The Last Emperor | Bernardo Bertolucci & Mark Peploe | The memoir From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi by Puyi |
The Dead | Tony Huston | The short story by James Joyce | |
Fatal Attraction | James Dearden | The television film Diversion by Dearden | |
Full Metal Jacket | Gustav Hasford, Michael Herr & Stanley Kubrick | The novel The Short-Timers by Hasford | |
My Life as a Dog | Per Berglund, Brasse Brännström, Lasse Hallström & Reidar Jönsson | The novel Mitt liv som hund by Jönsson | |
1988 (61st) | Dangerous Liaisons | Christopher Hampton | The play Les Liaisons Dangereuses by Hampton & novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos |
The Accidental Tourist | Frank Galati & Lawrence Kasdan | The novel by Anne Tyler | |
Gorillas in the Mist | Screenplay: Anna Hamilton Phelan; Story: Tab Murphy & Phelon | The article by Harold Hayes | |
Little Dorrit | Christine Edzard | The novel by Charles Dickens | |
The Unbearable Lightness of Being | Jean-Claude Carrière & Philip Kaufman | The novel by Milan Kundera | |
1989 (62nd) | Driving Miss Daisy | Alfred Uhry | The play by Uhry |
Born on the Fourth of July | Ron Kovic & Oliver Stone | The memoir by Kovic | |
Enemies, A Love Story | Paul Mazursky & Roger L. Simon | The novel by Isaac Bashevis Singer | |
Field of Dreams | Phil Alden Robinson | The novel Shoeless Joe by W. P. Kinsella | |
My Left Foot | Shane Connaughton & Jim Sheridan | The memoir by Christy Brown |
1990s
Year | Film | Nominees | Source Material |
---|---|---|---|
1990 (63rd) | Dances with Wolves | Michael Blake | The novel by Blake |
Awakenings | Steven Zaillian | The memoir by Oliver Sacks | |
Goodfellas | Nicholas Pileggi & Martin Scorsese | The book Wiseguy: Life in a Mafia Family by Pileggi | |
The Grifters | Donald E. Westlake | The novel by Jim Thompson | |
Reversal of Fortune | Nicholas Kazan | The memoir Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bülow Case by Alan Dershowitz | |
1991 (64th) | The Silence of the Lambs | Ted Tally | The novel by Thomas Harris |
Europa Europa | Agnieszka Holland | The memoir I Was Hitler Youth Salomon by Solomon Perel | |
Fried Green Tomatoes | Fannie Flagg & Carol Sobieski (p.n.) | The novel Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe by Flagg | |
JFK | Zachary Sklar & Oliver Stone | The memoir On the Trail of the Assassins by Jim Garrison & book Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy by Jim Marrs | |
The Prince of Tides | Pat Conroy & Becky Johnston | The novel by Conroy | |
1992 (65th) | Howards End | Ruth Prawer Jhabvala | The novel by E. M. Forster |
Enchanted April | Peter Barnes | The novel by Elizabeth von Arnim | |
The Player | Michael Tolkin | The novel by Tolkin | |
A River Runs Through It | Richard Friedenberg | The novella by Norman Maclean | |
Scent of a Woman | Bo Goldman | The novel Il buio e il miele by Giovanni Arpino & film by Ruggero Maccari & Dino Risi | |
1993 (66th) | Schindler's List | Steven Zaillian | The novel Schindler's Ark by Thomas Keneally |
The Age of Innocence | Jay Cocks & Martin Scorsese | The novel by Edith Wharton | |
In the Name of the Father | Terry George & Jim Sheridan | The memoir Proved Innocent: The Story of Gerry Conlon of the Guildford Four by Gerry Conlon | |
The Remains of the Day | Ruth Prawer Jhabvala | The novel by Kazuo Ishiguro | |
Shadowlands | William Nicholson | The play & television film by Nicholson | |
1994 (67th) | Forrest Gump | Eric Roth | The novel by Winston Groom |
The Madness of King George | Alan Bennett | The play The Madness of George III by Bennett | |
Nobody's Fool | Robert Benton | The novel by Richard Russo | |
Quiz Show | Paul Attanasio | The book Remembering America: A Voice from the Sixties by Richard N. Goodwin | |
The Shawshank Redemption | Frank Darabont | The novella "Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption" by Stephen King | |
1995 (68th) | Sense and Sensibility | Emma Thompson | The novel by Jane Austen |
Apollo 13 | William Broyles Jr. & Al Reinert | The memoir Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 by Jeffrey Kluger & Jim Lovell | |
Babe | George Miller & Chris Noonan | The novel The Sheep-Pig by Dick King-Smith | |
Leaving Las Vegas | Mike Figgis | The novel by John O'Brien | |
Il Postino: The Postman | Screenplay: Anna Pavignano, Michael Radford, Furio & Giacomo Scarpelli & Massimo Troisi (p.n.); Story: F. & G. Scarpelli | The novel Ardiente Paciencia by Antonio Skármeta | |
1996 (69th) | Sling Blade | Billy Bob Thornton | The short film Some Folks Call It a Sling Blade written by Thornton |
The Crucible | Arthur Miller | The play by Miller | |
The English Patient | Anthony Minghella | The novel by Michael Ondaatje | |
Hamlet | Kenneth Branagh | The play The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare | |
Trainspotting | John Hodge | The novel by Irvine Welsh | |
1997 (70th) | L.A. Confidential | Curtis Hanson & Brian Helgeland | The novel by James Ellroy |
Donnie Brasco | Paul Attanasio | The memoir Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia by Joseph D. Pistone & Richard Woodley | |
The Sweet Hereafter | Atom Egoyan | The novel by Russell Banks | |
Wag the Dog | Hilary Henkin & David Mamet | The novel American Hero by Larry Beinhart | |
The Wings of the Dove | Hossein Amini | The novel by Henry James | |
1998 (71st) | Gods and Monsters | Bill Condon | The novel Father of Frankenstein by Christopher Bram |
Out of Sight | Scott Frank | The novel by Elmore Leonard | |
Primary Colors | Elaine May | The novel Primary Colors: A Novel of Politics by Joe Klein | |
A Simple Plan | Scott Smith | The novel by Smith | |
The Thin Red Line | Terrence Malick | The novel by James Jones | |
1999 (72nd) | The Cider House Rules | John Irving | The novel by Irving |
Election | Alexander Payne & Jim Taylor | The novel by Tom Perrotta | |
The Green Mile | Frank Darabont | The novel by Stephen King | |
The Insider | Michael Mann & Eric Roth | The article "The Man Who Knew Too Much" by Marie Brenner | |
The Talented Mr. Ripley | Anthony Minghella | The novel by Patricia Highsmith |
2000s
2010s
2020s
Multiple wins and nominations
Multiple wins
| Three or more nominations
|
Age superlatives
Record | Writer | Film | Age | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oldest winner | James Ivory | Call Me by Your Name | 89 | [18] |
Oldest nominee | [19] | |||
Youngest winner | Charlie Wachtel | BlacKkKlansman | 32 | [20] |
Youngest nominee | Joseph L. Mankiewicz | Skippy | 22 |
See also
- Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay
- Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay
- BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
- Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay
- Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Screenplay
- List of Big Five Academy Award winners and nominees
- List of Academy Award–nominated films
- Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
Notes
- ^ a b c d e During these years, the award was bestowed as Best Writing, Adaptation.
- ^ The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of unofficial or de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges.
- ^ During this year, the award was bestowed as Best Writing and included both original and adapted screenplays.
- ^ The Academy also announced that Robert Riskin came in second and Paul Green and Sonya Levien third.
- ^ The Academy also announced that Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett came in second and Ben Hecht third.
- ^ From 1935 until 1955, the award was bestowed as Best Writing, Screenplay.
- ^ Captain Blood, written by Casey Robinson from the novel Captain Blood: His Odyssey by Rafael Sabatini, was not officially nominated for this award, but appears in Academy records because it placed third in voting as a write-in candidate in 1935.
- ^ The Academy also announced that Talbot Jennings, Jules Furthman, and Carey Wilson came in second and Casey Robinson third. This means Waldemar Young, John L. Balderston, Achmed Abdullah, Grover Jones, and William Slavens McNutt came in fourth.
- ^ Dudley Nichols refused to accept the award, but was in possession of it by 1949 according to Academy records.
- ^ Michael Blankfort was originally nominated as the screenwriter of Broken Arrow. In 1991, research proved blacklisted Albert Maltz was the screenwriter and his credit was restored. Blankfort was removed from the nomination and it was given to Maltz.
- ^ Michael Wilson was originally credited as the screenwriter of Friendly Persuasion, but Allied Artists, acting in agreement with the Screen Writers Guild, removed his credit because he was blacklisted. Early in 1957, the Academy revised its bylaws so the film would be eligible for a writing nomination without naming Wilson as a nominee. Friendly Persuasion was initially announced a nominee without a writer's name attached. The Academy's Board of Governors voted to strike the nomination altogether and it was not included on the final ballot. The Board of Governors, however, reinstated the nomination with Wilson's name attached in 2002.
- ^ Pierre Boulle was credited as the screenwriter of The Bridge on the River Kwai and ultimately won the award. Blacklisted writers Michael Wilson and Carl Foreman, who actually wrote the screenplay, were awarded posthumous Oscars by the Academy's Board of Governors in 1984.
- ^ Due to blacklisting, Young wrote under the pseudonym Nathan E. Douglas.
- ^ In 1995, research proved blacklisted Michael Wilson was also a screenwriter of Lawrence of Arabia. He was added as a nominee by the Academy's Board of Governors.
- ^ Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes was initially adapted by screenwriter Robert Towne, but he removed his name from the credits because he was unhappy with co-writer Michael Austin's alterations and the finished film itself. He instead used the pseudonym P.H. Vazak, the name of his late Hungarian sheepdog.
- ^ Screenwriter Charlie Kaufman is a character in his own script for Adaptation, as is his fictional twin brother Donald. The nonexistent Donald was credited as a screenwriter and was nominated for an Academy Award. The film's end credits claimed he had died during pre-production.
References
- ^ "Academy Awards Best Screenplays and Writers".
- ^ "Oscar Week: Best Adapted Screenplay". 21 February 2008.
- ^ Aljean Harmetz (March 16, 1985). "Oscars Go to Writers of 'Kwai'". The New York Times.
- ^ Johnson, Andrew (28 March 2010). "Emma Thompson: How Jane Austen saved me from going under". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ A Beautiful Mind Wins Adapted Screenplay: 2002 Oscars
- ^ Aaron Sorkin Wins Adapted Screenplay: 2011 Oscars
- ^ "Call Me by Your Name" wins Best Adapted Screenplay-Oscars on YouTube
- ^ 2018|Oscars.org
- ^ "The Official Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on February 27, 2009. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
- ^ "The 18th Academy Awards – 1946". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
- ^ a b Saito, Stephen (February 20, 2008). "Fake Names, Real Oscars: Five Nominees Who Didn't Really Exist". IFC. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
- ^ "Academy Awards 2017: Complete list of Oscar winners and nominees". Los Angeles Times. February 26, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ "90th Oscar Nominations Announced" (PDF). Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences. January 23, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
- ^ "91st Oscar Nominations Announced" (PDF). Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences. January 22, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 23, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
- ^ "92nd Oscar Nominations Announced" (PDF). Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences. January 22, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 23, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
- ^ "Complete list of nominees for the 93rd Academy Awards". ABC News. March 15, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
- ^ "94th Academy Awards Nominees". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on January 30, 2022. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ^ "James Ivory is oldest Oscar winner ever with screenplay award for Call Me by Your Name". The Guardian. 5 March 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
- ^ Snubs, Surprises, and a Staring Contest: The Academy Awards Nominations - The Ringer
- ^ "SOC Alumnus Wins Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay". American Washington University. 25 February 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
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